Educational resource only · Not a medical diagnosis or legal advice · For emergencies call 911
FPC Food Poison Central Free Case Review

Symptom & pathogen guide

General educational information about common foodborne pathogens. Incubation periods and symptoms vary by person. This is not a diagnosis. If you have severe symptoms, seek medical care.

Seek emergency care if you have:

  • High fever (above 102°F / 39°C)
  • Bloody diarrhea or vomit
  • Signs of dehydration (little urination, dizziness)
  • Inability to keep any fluids down
  • Diarrhea lasting more than 3 days
  • Neurological symptoms (blurred vision, weakness)

When in doubt, call your doctor or 911.

E. coli (STEC)

Incubation: 3 to 4 days (range 1-10 days)

Common sources: Undercooked ground beef, raw produce, unpasteurized milk

Key symptoms

Severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), vomiting

Danger signs

Little or no urination, bloody diarrhea, signs of hemolytic uremic syndrome

Listeria

Incubation: 1 to 4 weeks (up to 70 days)

Common sources: Deli meats, soft cheeses, unpasteurized dairy, some produce

Key symptoms

Fever, muscle aches, nausea, diarrhea

Danger signs

Especially dangerous in pregnancy, older adults, and weakened immune systems

Norovirus

Incubation: 12 to 48 hours

Common sources: Contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact

Key symptoms

Vomiting, watery diarrhea, stomach pain, low-grade fever

Danger signs

Dehydration, inability to keep fluids down

Salmonella

Incubation: 6 hours to 6 days

Common sources: Poultry, eggs, raw produce, unpasteurized dairy

Key symptoms

Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, nausea

Danger signs

Fever above 102 F, bloody stools, signs of dehydration, symptoms lasting more than a few days

Sources for general foodborne illness information: CDC Food Safety. Content is summarized for readability and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

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